hostコマンドでDNSサーバから情報を取得することができます。

オプション -v で詳細な情報を表示します。

# host -v www.google.co.jp
Trying "www.google.co.jp"
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52773
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 7, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.google.co.jp.              IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.google.co.jp.       55      IN      A       173.194.117.184
www.google.co.jp.       55      IN      A       173.194.117.191
www.google.co.jp.       55      IN      A       173.194.117.175
www.google.co.jp.       55      IN      A       173.194.117.183

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
jp.                     21499   IN      NS      d.dns.jp.
jp.                     21499   IN      NS      e.dns.jp.
jp.                     21499   IN      NS      f.dns.jp.
jp.                     21499   IN      NS      g.dns.jp.
jp.                     21499   IN      NS      a.dns.jp.
jp.                     21499   IN      NS      b.dns.jp.
jp.                     21499   IN      NS      c.dns.jp.

Received 214 bytes from 127.0.0.1#53 in 4 ms
Trying "www.google.co.jp"
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 58571
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.google.co.jp.              IN      AAAA

Received 34 bytes from 127.0.0.1#53 in 7 ms
Trying "www.google.co.jp"
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 42309
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.google.co.jp.              IN      MX

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
google.co.jp.           60      IN      SOA     ns3.google.com. dns-admin.google                                                    .com. 1566344 900 900 1800 60

Received 94 bytes from 127.0.0.1#53 in 50 ms